How Universe Came to Existence?

         

           Even before there have been two sets of opposing ideas, beliefs, theories, or teachings about the origin of the universe. According to the religious belief, universe is created by God. But many scientists contradict this that’s why as time goes by, they study about it and they came up into different theories.

 

            

              Many scientists studied about how universe came to existence. Some had same views and there were also different. The most popular theory in science today is the Big Bang Theory. According to this theory, universe came into existence at a certain point in time roughly 15 to 20 billion years ago. The entire universe was compacted into a teeny tiny little ball, which, after randomly coming into existence for no apparent reason in the first place, exploded into all space, time, matter and energy in an instant. Scientists can't be sure exactly how the universe evolved after the big bang but many believe that as time passed and matter cooled, more diverse kinds of atoms began to form, and they eventually condensed into the stars and galaxies of our present universe. Astronomers have discovered in recent years that the universe is still expanding and this expansion is accelerating.

            The theory called the Big Bounce Theory. This theory states that there was actually something before the Big Bang and it suggests that another universe went through a Big Crunch and then 'bounced' back and then it gave birth to this universe. Scientists believe that about 15 million years ago, the universe was condensed into a small region of matter and energy called a singularity. Suddenly, the singularity exploded, expanding at an incredibly fast rate. Astronomers believe that after the big bang, the universe was like a soup with small pieces of matter floating around. The matter combined to create protogalaxies, which in turn combined to form galaxies. Within those galaxies, gas and dust blended to make stars. And around those stars, gravity pulled pieces of matter together to form planets.

  

               The Cyclic Universe Theory implies that a cyclic universe explodes into existence in a Big Bang, and crunches out of existence over and over again in an endless cycle so space and time exist forever. It states that the big bang is not the beginning of time rather; it is a bridge to a pre-existing contracting era. The Universe undergoes an endless sequence of cycles, which it contracts in a big crunch and re-emerges in an expanding big bang, with trillions of years of evolution in between. The temperature and density of the universe do not become infinite at any point in the cycle; indeed, they never exceed a finite bound.

          

                Another theory is called Steady State Theory. Steady State theory states that the universe had no beginning, but it created new matter as older galaxies moved apart. This implies  that although the universe is expanding, it nevertheless does not change its look over time. For this to work, new matter must be formed to keep the density equal over time.

The Different Planets in the Solar System

The solar system consists of different planets. These planets revolve around the sun and rotate around their axes. These planets may be classified according to their distances from the sun. The planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars are called the inner planets or terrestrial planets because they have a compact, rocky surface; while the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are called the outer planets or Jovian planets because they are all gigantic because they are all gigantic.

                

             The planet Mercury is the planet closest to the sun. Its average distance from the sun is 58 000 000km. It is the second smallest planet with the diameter of 3 011 miles. It is also the fastest of all the planets that’s why it was named after the messenger of the Roman gods. It revolves around the sun in 88 days, shorter than any of the other planets. It also spins on its axis once every 59 days. The side that faces the Sun experiences temperatures as high as 420 ºC, and then the side in shadow goes down to -173 ºC.

 

             The planet Venus is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty because as seen from the earth, it is the brightest of all the planets. It has a diameter of 7 584 miles and its average distance from the sun is 108 000 000km. it takes 225 days to orbit the sun. Stargazers say that Venus is referring as the earth’s twin because it is about the same size as the earth and their masses and surface gravities are close. It has an atmosphere that is extremely thick that is made almost entirely of carbon dioxide and cloaks the planet and helps heat it up to 460 °C.

 

            The planet Earth is the only planet known to support life especially human beings and it have intelligent. It has an atmosphere that makes life possible, it keeps the planet warm from the vacuum of space, but it’s not so thick that we have a runaway greenhouse effect. The Earth has a solid core of iron surrounded by a liquid outer core that generates a magnetic field that also helps protect life on Earth from the radiation of space. It completes its rotation on its axis in just 24 hours and it completes its revolution of about 365 ¼ days. And it has one satellite called moon.

            The planet Mars has a diameter of only 6 800 km; it spins once in 24 hours and 37 minutes. It takes 687 earth days to revolve around the sun. Mars has almost no atmosphere to help trap heat from the Sun, and so temperatures can plunge below -140 °C in the Martian winter. Even at the height of summer, temperatures can get up to 20 °C in the day – just barely shirt sleeve weather. And this planet has two satellites; the one is called Phobos and the other is called Deimos.

          The planet Jupiter was named after the chief Roman go because it is the largest among the planets. Its diameter is 142 860 km; and its average distance from the sun is 779 000000 km. This planet spins so fast, it takes only nine hours and 50 minutes to complete one day.

 

 

           The planet Uranus is the third largest planet, it has a diameter of 47 000 km. It takes 84 earth years for the planet to orbit the sun, and 17 hours and 15 minutes to rotate on its axis. There is a study that indicated that it has at least eleven rings which are not very wide that circle the planet. And it also has five moons.

 

           The planet Saturn is the second largest planet. Its diameter is 9 ½ times that of the earth, it has 95 times more mass than earth and its period of rotation is 10 ¼ hours. This planet has the most unusual thing; it is because of its magnificent system of rings. These rings are only a few kilometers thick. And this planet has 23 satellites.

 

             The planet Neptune is the 8th and final planet in the Solar System; it has an average distance of 4.5 billion km from the Sun. It’s the 4th largest planet, measuring about 49,000 km across. Neptune is the second planet discovered in modern times. It was discovered at the same time by both Urbain Le Verrier and John Couch Adams. Neptune's blue color is largely the result of absorption of red light by methane in the atmosphere but there is some additional as-yet-unidentified chromophore which gives the clouds their rich blue tint. Its atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium with a small amount of methane. 

              Sometimes people may think that a planet like the Venus may refer as a star. But a planet is different from a star, in its make-up and in the way it glows. The planets are moving around the star called the Sun while the stars do not. Unlike a star, a planet cannot gives off natural light; instead, it just reflects the light of the sun. And the planets do not twinkle but the stars may appear twinkling here on earth because of the moving layers of the air that scatter the light of a star.